I know it's a bit late, but, in searching for "Component Store is Corrupt" error on the forums, this was the only thread, and the root-cause is unrelated to my circumstances.
However, after inspiration and a bit of coffee, I realized
Windows Defender had automatically re-enabled itself after I having disabled it previously.
I now have another
100% reproducible circumstance (different source OS, different target OS, different settings than this thread), where Windows Defender being left enabled results in "
Component Store is corrupt" error.
Full NTLITE Log file available to browse if NDA is signed.
Run the exact same source media, same XMLs, without Real Time protection enabled (WinDef Disabled) and life is fine.
2026-01-16 10:20:36, Info SXS Removing reference on previously loaded registry hive: \Registry\Machine\{bf1a281b-ad7b-4476-ac95-f47682990ce7}T:/TEMP/NLTmpMnt/Windows/System32/config/DEFAULT
2026-01-16 10:20:36, Info SXS Removing reference on previously loaded registry hive: \Registry\Machine\{bf1a281b-ad7b-4476-ac95-f47682990ce7}T:/TEMP/NLTmpMnt/Windows/System32/SMI/Store/Machine/schema.dat
2026-01-16 10:20:36, Info CSI 00000010 Perf: LRU Cache Clear @0x1d63ae360b0
2026-01-16 10:20:36, Info CBS Force unloading offline registry hive: {bf1a281b-ad7b-4476-ac95-f47682990ce7}T:/TEMP/NLTmpMnt/Windows/System32/config/SOFTWARE
2026-01-16 10:20:36, Info CBS Force unloading offline registry hive: {bf1a281b-ad7b-4476-ac95-f47682990ce7}T:/TEMP/NLTmpMnt/Windows/System32/config/SYSTEM
2026-01-16 10:20:36, Info CBS Force unloading offline registry hive: {bf1a281b-ad7b-4476-ac95-f47682990ce7}T:/TEMP/NLTmpMnt/Windows/System32/config/SECURITY
2026-01-16 10:20:36, Info CBS Force unloading offline registry hive: {bf1a281b-ad7b-4476-ac95-f47682990ce7}T:/TEMP/NLTmpMnt/Windows/System32/config/SAM
2026-01-16 10:20:36, Info CBS Force unloading offline registry hive: {bf1a281b-ad7b-4476-ac95-f47682990ce7}T:/TEMP/NLTmpMnt/Windows/System32/config/COMPONENTS
2026-01-16 10:20:36, Info CBS Force unloading offline registry hive: {bf1a281b-ad7b-4476-ac95-f47682990ce7}T:/TEMP/NLTmpMnt/Windows/System32/config/DRIVERS
2026-01-16 10:20:36, Info CBS Force unloading offline registry hive: {bf1a281b-ad7b-4476-ac95-f47682990ce7}T:/TEMP/NLTmpMnt/Windows/System32/config/DEFAULT
2026-01-16 10:20:36, Info CBS Force unloading offline registry hive: {bf1a281b-ad7b-4476-ac95-f47682990ce7}T:/TEMP/NLTmpMnt/Users/Default/ntuser.dat
2026-01-16 10:20:36, Info CBS Force unloading offline registry hive: {bf1a281b-ad7b-4476-ac95-f47682990ce7}T:/TEMP/NLTmpMnt/Windows/system32/smi/store/Machine/schema.dat
2026-01-16 10:20:36, Info CSI 00000011 Perf: LRU Cache Clear @0x1d63ae2f790
2026-01-16 10:20:36, Info CSI 00000012 Direct SIL provider: Number of files opened: 10.
2026-01-16 10:20:36, Info CBS Priority: Restoring default priority
2026-01-16 10:20:36, Error DISM API: PID=5080 TID=8452 InternalExecute failed - CBaseCommandObject::Execute(hr:0x80073712)
2026-01-16 10:20:36, Error DISM API: PID=5080 TID=6992 CDisableFeatureCommandObject internal execution failed - DismDisableFeatureInternal(hr:0x80073712)
2026-01-16 10:20:36, Info DISM API: PID=5080 TID=6992 Exit DismDisableFeatureInternal - DismDisableFeatureInternal
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16/01/2026 10:20:28 Disabling: AD DS and AD LDS Tools
16/01/2026 10:20:28 - DCL
16/01/2026 10:20:28 - DS
16/01/2026 10:20:28 Preparing DISM
16/01/2026 10:20:28 - DI
16/01/2026 10:20:28 DA 10.0.17763.5830
16/01/2026 10:20:36 Error: Component store is corrupt, please copy the original image and start again.